Transition metalElement 22 · d-block

Titanium (Ti)

Titanium (Ti) is a transition metal with atomic number 22 and a standard atomic weight of 47.867. At room temperature it is a solid that melts at 1,670 °C and boils at 3,287 °C.

22TiTitanium47.867

Atomic number

protons

Atomic weight

47.867

CIAAW 2024

Melting point

1,670 °C

1,943.15 K

Boiling point

3,287 °C

3,560.15 K

Density

4.506 g/cm³

near room temperature

Electronegativity

1.54

Pauling scale

State at 25 °C

Solid

Discovered

1791

England

Titanium at a glance

Identity

Symbol	Ti
Atomic number (Z)	22
Atomic weight	47.867 ± 0.001 (CIAAW 2024)
Category	Transition metal
Group	4
Period	4
Block	d-block
CAS number	7440-32-6

Atomic properties

Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d² 4s² Full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 10, 2
Oxidation states	+4 Less common: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
Electronegativity (Pauling)	1.54
First ionisation energy	6.828 eV (658.8 kJ/mol) 2nd: 13.575 eV · 3rd: 27.492 eV
Electron affinity	0.079 eV
Atomic radius (empirical)	140 pm
Covalent radius	136 pm
Van der Waals radius	211 pm

Physical properties

State at 25 °C	Solid
Melting point	1,670 °C · 3,038 °F · 1,943.15 K
Boiling point	3,287 °C · 5,948.6 °F · 3,560.15 K
Density	4.506 g/cm³
Specific heat capacity	0.523 J/(g·K)
Thermal conductivity	21.9 W/(m·K)
Crystal structure	Hexagonal

Isotopes & abundance

Natural occurrence	Primordial
Radioactive	No
Natural isotopes (abundance)	⁴⁸Ti 73.72%, ⁴⁶Ti 8.25%, ⁴⁷Ti 7.44%, ⁴⁹Ti 5.41%, ⁵⁰Ti 5.18%
Stable isotopes	7
Known isotopes	29
Abundance in Earth's crust	5,650 mg/kg
Abundance in seawater	0.001 mg/L

Atomic weights: CIAAW Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024. Other properties: standard reference compilations, checked October 2026; predicted values are marked.

Titanium electron configuration

Titanium has 22 electrons. Written in short form, its ground-state configuration is [Ar] 3d² 4s² — the electrons of the noble gas argon, plus 3d² 4s².Written out in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s².

3d↑↑

4s↑↓

Discovery and name

Discovered

1791 — William Gregor (named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, 1795) · England.

Name

The Titans of Greek mythology.

Known for

As strong as steel but about 45% lighter, and corrosion-resistant. Used in aircraft, implants and jewellery; titanium dioxide is the white pigment in paint and sunscreen.

Isotopes of titanium

Naturally occurring titanium is a mix of 5 isotopes. Each has 22 protons; they differ in the number of neutrons:

Isotope	Protons	Neutrons	Natural abundance	Stability
⁴⁸Ti	22	26	73.72%	stable
⁴⁶Ti	22	24	8.25%	stable
⁴⁷Ti	22	25	7.44%	stable
⁴⁹Ti	22	27	5.41%	stable
⁵⁰Ti	22	28	5.18%	stable

29 isotopes of titanium are known in our data set (half-lives as published in nuclear data tables).

Titanium compared with group 4

The other elements in group 4, from top to bottom of the table:

Element	Z	Atomic weight	Melting point	Boiling point	Density	Electronegativity
Titanium	22	47.867	1,670 °C	3,287 °C	4.506 g/cm³	1.54
Zirconium	40	91.222	1,854 °C	4,406 °C	6.52 g/cm³	1.33
Hafnium	72	178.49	2,233 °C	4,600 °C	13.3 g/cm³	1.3
Rutherfordium	104	[267]	—	—	23.3 g/cm³ (pred.)	—

Frequently asked questions

6 answers

What is the atomic mass of titanium?

The standard atomic weight of titanium is 47.867 ± 0.001 (CIAAW 2024), so one mole weighs about 47.867 grams.

How many protons, neutrons and electrons does titanium have?

A neutral titanium atom has 22 protons and 22 electrons. Its most common isotope, titanium-48, has 26 neutrons.

What is the electron configuration of titanium?

[Ar] 3d² 4s² (in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²).

What are the melting and boiling points of titanium?

Titanium melts at 1,670 °C (3,038 °F) and boils at 3,287 °C (5,948.6 °F).

Is titanium a metal?

Titanium is a metal. It is in group 4, period 4, and is a solid at room temperature.

Who discovered titanium?

1791 — William Gregor (named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, 1795) (England).