Unknown propertiesElement 110 · d-block

Darmstadtium (Ds)

Darmstadtium (Ds), element 110, is a synthetic superheavy element whose chemical properties have not been measured; its most stable known isotope has mass number 281. Only a few atoms have ever been made, so its bulk properties are predictions.

110DsDarmstadtium[281]

Atomic number

110

protons

Atomic weight

[281]

most stable isotope

Melting point

—

Boiling point

—

Density

34.8 g/cm³

predicted

Electronegativity

—

Pauling scale

State at 25 °C

Unknown

predicted solid

Discovered

1994

Germany (Darmstadt)

Darmstadtium at a glance

Identity

Symbol	Ds
Atomic number (Z)	110
Atomic weight	[281] mass number of the most stable isotope
Category	Unknown properties
Group	10
Period	7
Block	d-block
CAS number	54083-77-1

Atomic properties

Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹ Full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d⁹ 7s¹
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 1
Covalent radius	128 pm

Physical properties

State at 25 °C	Unknown (predicted solid)
Density	34.8 g/cm³ (predicted)

Isotopes & abundance

Natural occurrence	Synthetic
Radioactive	Yes
Most stable isotope	²⁸¹Ds — half-life 14 s
Known isotopes	18

Atomic weights: CIAAW Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024. Other properties: standard reference compilations, checked October 2026; predicted values are marked.

Darmstadtium electron configuration

Darmstadtium has 110 electrons. Written in short form, its ground-state configuration is [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹ — the electrons of the noble gas radon, plus 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹.Written out in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d⁹ 7s¹.

An exception to the filling rule. The simple aufbau (Madelung) order predicts 7s², 6d⁸, but darmstadtium actually has 7s¹, 6d⁹ (calculated — it hasn't been measured). Half-filled and filled subshells, and the close energies of the outer orbitals, make this arrangement more stable.

5f↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓

6d↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑

7s↑

Discovery and name

Discovered

1994 — Sigurd Hofmann and co-workers (GSI) · Germany (Darmstadt).

Name

Darmstadt, Germany.

Known for

Synthesised by fusing nickel and lead nuclei; isotopes live for seconds at most.

Isotopes of darmstadtium

Darmstadtium has no stable isotopes and does not occur naturally in significant amounts. Its longest-lived known isotope is:

Isotope	Protons	Neutrons	Half-life
²⁸¹Ds	110	171	14 s

18 isotopes of darmstadtium are known in our data set (half-lives as published in nuclear data tables).

Darmstadtium compared with group 10

The other elements in group 10, from top to bottom of the table:

Element	Z	Atomic weight	Melting point	Boiling point	Density	Electronegativity
Nickel	28	58.693	1,455 °C	2,913 °C	8.9 g/cm³	1.91
Palladium	46	106.42	1,555 °C	2,963 °C	12 g/cm³	2.2
Platinum	78	195.08	1,768 °C	3,825 °C	21.5 g/cm³	2.28
Darmstadtium	110	[281]	—	—	34.8 g/cm³ (pred.)	—

Frequently asked questions

4 answers

What is the atomic mass of darmstadtium?

Darmstadtium has no stable isotopes, so it has no standard atomic weight. Periodic tables show [281], the mass number of its most stable known isotope.

How many protons, neutrons and electrons does darmstadtium have?

A neutral darmstadtium atom has 110 protons and 110 electrons. Its most stable isotope, darmstadtium-281, has 171 neutrons.

What is the electron configuration of darmstadtium?

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹ (in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d⁹ 7s¹).

Who discovered darmstadtium?

1994 — Sigurd Hofmann and co-workers (GSI) (Germany (Darmstadt)).