Unknown propertiesElement 116 · p-block

Livermorium (Lv)

Livermorium (Lv), element 116, is a synthetic superheavy element whose chemical properties have not been measured; its most stable known isotope has mass number 293. Only a few atoms have ever been made, so its bulk properties are predictions.

116LvLivermorium[293]

Atomic number

116

protons

Atomic weight

[293]

most stable isotope

Melting point

—

Boiling point

—

Density

12.9 g/cm³

predicted

Electronegativity

—

Pauling scale

State at 25 °C

Unknown

predicted solid

Discovered

2000

Russia (Dubna)

Livermorium at a glance

Identity

Symbol	Lv
Atomic number (Z)	116
Atomic weight	[293] mass number of the most stable isotope
Category	Unknown properties
Group	16 — chalcogens (oxygen group)
Period	7
Block	p-block
CAS number	54100-71-9

Atomic properties

Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ Full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6
Covalent radius	175 pm

Physical properties

State at 25 °C	Unknown (predicted solid)
Density	12.9 g/cm³ (predicted)

Isotopes & abundance

Natural occurrence	Synthetic
Radioactive	Yes
Most stable isotope	²⁹³Lv — half-life 70 ms
Known isotopes	5

Atomic weights: CIAAW Abridged Standard Atomic Weights 2024. Other properties: standard reference compilations, checked October 2026; predicted values are marked.

Livermorium electron configuration

Livermorium has 116 electrons. Written in short form, its ground-state configuration is [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ — the electrons of the noble gas radon, plus 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴.Written out in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴.

As a member of group 16 it has 6 valence electrons in its outer shell (shell 7), which largely decide its chemistry.

5f↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓

6d↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓

7s↑↓

7p↑↓↑↑

Discovery and name

Discovered

2000 — Joint Institute for Nuclear Research with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory · Russia (Dubna).

Name

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Known for

Made by fusing curium-248 and calcium-48; only a few dozen atoms have been observed.

Isotopes of livermorium

Livermorium has no stable isotopes and does not occur naturally in significant amounts. Its longest-lived known isotope is:

Isotope	Protons	Neutrons	Half-life
²⁹³Lv	116	177	70 ms

5 isotopes of livermorium are known in our data set (half-lives as published in nuclear data tables).

Livermorium compared with group 16

The other elements in group 16 (chalcogens (oxygen group)), from top to bottom of the table:

Element	Z	Atomic weight	Melting point	Boiling point	Density	Electronegativity
Oxygen	8	15.999	-219 °C	-183 °C	1.429 g/L	3.44
Sulfur	16	32.06	115 °C	445 °C	2.07 g/cm³	2.58
Selenium	34	78.971	221 °C	685 °C	4.809 g/cm³	2.55
Tellurium	52	127.60	450 °C	988 °C	6.232 g/cm³	2.1
Polonium	84	[209]	254 °C	962 °C	9.2 g/cm³	2
Livermorium	116	[293]	—	—	12.9 g/cm³ (pred.)	—

Frequently asked questions

4 answers

What is the atomic mass of livermorium?

Livermorium has no stable isotopes, so it has no standard atomic weight. Periodic tables show [293], the mass number of its most stable known isotope.

How many protons, neutrons and electrons does livermorium have?

A neutral livermorium atom has 116 protons and 116 electrons. Its most stable isotope, livermorium-293, has 177 neutrons.

What is the electron configuration of livermorium?

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ (in full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴).

Who discovered livermorium?

2000 — Joint Institute for Nuclear Research with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Russia (Dubna)).